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According my discussion on github I solved how to render single post markdown using HexoJS.

Render existing loaded post

Basically render a single post you need load database, like below:

const hexo = require('hexo')();

// Replace 'my-first-post' with the actual filename of your post (without the file extension).
const postToRender = 'my-first-post';

// Initialize Hexo
hexo.init().then(() => {
  // Load the Hexo database
  return hexo.load();
}).then(() => {
  // Find the specified post
  const post = hexo.locals.get('posts').filter(post => post.slug === postToRender)[0];

  if (post) {
    // Render the post
    return post.render().then(() => {
      // Access the rendered HTML content
      const renderedContent = post.content;
      console.log(renderedContent);
    });
  } else {
    console.error(`Post '${postToRender}' not found.`);
  }
}).catch(err => {
  console.error(err);
}).finally(() => {
  // Stop Hexo gracefully
  return hexo.exit();
});

Render single post using markdown file location path

You also can render any frontmatter markdown files in specific location by initialize -> load plugins -> render post. See below snippets:

import Hexo from 'hexo';
import path from 'path';

const hexo = new Hexo(__dirname);
async function main() {
  // intialie and load external plugins
  await hexo.init().then(() => hexo.loadPlugin(require.resolve('hexo-shortcodes')));
  // load hexo
  await hexo.load(async () => {
    // render single post
    const post = await hexo.post.render(path.join(__dirname, 'source/lang/php.md'));
    console.log(post);
  });
}

main();

This script initializes Hexo, loads the Hexo database, finds the specified post, renders the post, and then outputs the rendered HTML content.
And test result below
render single post result

Conclusion

And all the shortcodes work fine and according to what I want, just need the post body (post.content) to validate shortcode result using JSDOM or cheerio